![\"\"](\"http:\/\/asiabrief.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/72_image01.png\")
\ub2cc \ube48(Ninh B\u00ecnh)\uc131, \ub2cc \ub760\uc5d4(Ninh Ti\u1ebfn)\uc758 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8 \ub300\ud45c \ub300\ud68c(2022-2027\ub144 \uc784\uae30)<\/strong> \uc0bc\uae30\uac1c\uace0<\/b>(<\/b>\u4e09\u573b\u7686\u82e6<\/b>) <\/b>\uc544\ub2f9\uc548\uc9c0<\/b>(<\/b>\u6211\u7576\u5b89\u4e4b<\/b>)<\/b><\/p>\n 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \uc120\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 1860\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub0a8\ubd80(Cochinchine, \ub0a8\uae30[\u5357\u573b]) \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc810\ub839\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30\uad8c\uc744 \uc911\ubd80(Annam, \uc911\uae30[\u4e2d\u573b])\uc640 \ubd81\ubd80(Tonkin, \ubd81\uae30[\u5317\u573b])\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ud574 \ub098\uac14\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d, 1883\ub144\uc5d0 \uccb4\uacb0\ub41c \uc544\ub974\ub9dd(Harmand) \uc870\uc57d\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\uad6d\uc784\uc744 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \uc544\ub974\ub9dd \uc870\uc57d\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 1884\ub144\uc5d0 \uccb4\uacb0\ub41c \ube60\ub728\ub178\ud2b8\ub974(Paten\u00f4tre) \uc870\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \uc57d\uac04 \uc218\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, 1945\ub144 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc591\uad6d\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uce68\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \ub0a8\ubd80, \uc911\ubd80, \ubd81\ubd80 \u2018\uc0bc\uae30[\u4e09\u573b]\u2019\uac00 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \u2018\uace0\ud1b5\u2019\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c, \u2018\ub0b4\u2019\uac00 \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uc5ec \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \u2018\uc548\uc815\u2019\uc2dc\ud0a4\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc81c1\uc138\ub300 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4(1860-1880\ub144\ub300 \ucd9c\uc0dd)\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 1860\ub144\ub300\uc640 1870\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uae30\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd(\ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5b4\uc778 \uafb8\uc625 \uc751\uc73c[qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u570b\u8a9e\ub97c \ub9d0\ud568])\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\uace0, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud55c\uc790\uc640 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc2dd \ud55c\uc790 \ub188(n\u00f4m)\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4\uba74 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc27d\uac8c \ud1b5\uce58\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uace0\ud1b5\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\ub358 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubb38\uc0ac(\u6587\u58eb)\ub4e4\uacfc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \uc120\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5b4 \ud45c\uae30 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc218\uc6a9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc790\uad6d\uc5b4\ub97c \uc6a9\uc774\ud558\uac8c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad50\uc721\uc801\uc778 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 1906\ub144\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5 \uad50\uc721 \uac1c\ud601, 1919\ub144\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5 \uad50\uc721 \ud3d0\uc9c0, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\u00b7\ud604\uc9c0\uc5b4[\uafb8\uc625 \uc751\uc73c\uc640 \ud55c\uc790] \uad50\uc721 \uc758\ubb34\ud654 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uad50\uc721 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc600\ub358 \uafb8\uc625 \uc751\uc73c\ub97c \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uac01\uacfc \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ubb34\uae30\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec, \uc911\ubd80 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uccad\ub144 \ud310 \ubcf4\uc774 \uca4c\uc6b0(Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, 1867-1940)\ub294 \uadfc\uc655(\u52e4\u738b) \uc6b4\ub3d9(1885-1896)\uc774 \uc804\uac1c\ud55c \ubc18\ubd88 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub108\ubb34 \uc5b4\ub9ac\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc758\ubcd1\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uca4c\uc6b0\ub294 \ud6c4\ubc30\ub4e4\uc744 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uacac\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ud559\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub3d9\uc720(\u6771\u904a, D\u00f4ng Du) \uc6b4\ub3d9(1905-1909)\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc804\uad6d\uc744 \ub3cc\uba74\uc11c \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub3c4\uc57d\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc9c0\ubc30\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub300\ud56d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \u2018\uadfc\ub300\uc801\uc778\u2019 \uae30\uc220\ub85c \uac1a\uc544 \uc8fc\uc790\uace0 \ub3d9\ud3ec\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uba70 \uac1c\ud601\uacfc \ud601\uba85\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \ubaa8\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uccad\ub144\uc758 \ud601\uba85\uacfc <\/b>\u2018\uc790\uc720<\/b>\u2019 <\/b>\ud558\ub178\uc774\uc758 \uccad\ucd98<\/b><\/p>\n 1910-1920\ub144\ub300\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uba74\uc11c \u2018\uac1c\ud601\u2019\uacfc \u2018\ud601\uba85\u2019\uc744 \uc624\uac00\ub358 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc81c2\uc138\ub300 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4(1890-1910\ub144\ub300 \ucd9c\uc0dd)\uc740 \uc810\ucc28 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud750\ub984\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc790 \uc751\uc6b0\uc60c \uc544\uc774 \uafb8\uc625(Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, 1890-1969, 1941\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \u2018\ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud568)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1925\ub144 6\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \ub2e8\uccb4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uccad\ub144 \ud601\uba85 \ub3d9\uc9c0\ud68c(Vi\u1ec7t Nam Thanh Ni\u00ean C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ed H\u1ed9i, \ud754\ud788 \u2018\uccad\ub144\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uc57d\uce6d\ud568)\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uace0, 1930\ub144 2\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ucc3d\ub2f9\ub41c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc740 \ucf54\ubbfc\ud14c\ub978\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub85c 8\uac1c\uc6d4 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1931\ub144 3\uc6d4 20\uc77c\ubd80\ud130 26\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9 \uc911\uc559\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ucd5c\uace0 \uc9d1\ud589 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc81c2\ucc28 \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub2f9 \uc911\uc559\uc740 \u201c\uccad\ub144 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9 \uc870\uc9c1\uc740 \ubb34\uc0b0 \uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc218\ubcf5(\u6536\u5fa9)\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc784\ubb34\uc774\uace0, \ub2f9\uc774 \ud574\uacb0\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc808\uc2e4\ud55c \uacfc\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac01 \uccad\ub144 \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \ud1b5\uc77c\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc0b0 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc790\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec \ud22c\uc7c1\uc801\uc778 \uccad\ub144\uc744 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uacac\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 \uc124\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d, 1931\ub144 3\uc6d4 26\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc0b0 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8(1931-1937)\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \ubbfc\uc8fc \uccad\ub144\ub2e8(1937-1939), \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \ubc18\uc81c \uccad\ub144\ub2e8(1939-1941), \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uad6c\uad6d \uccad\ub144\ub2e8(1941-1956), \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ub178\ub3d9 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8(1956-1970), \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \ub178\ub3d9 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8(1970-1976) \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uba70 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \ub178\ub3d9 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc740 1969\ub144 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \uc8fc\uc11d\uc744 \ucd94\ubaa8\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucc44\ud0dd\ub41c \uc774\ub984\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ub0a8\ubd80 \ud601\uba85 \uc778\ubbfc \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\ub3c4 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \ud601\uba85 \uc778\ubbfc \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 1945\ub144 9\uc6d4 2\uc77c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc744 \uc120\ud3ec\ud55c \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\ubbfc\uc8fc\uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc758 \uc218\ub9bd\uc744 \uc120\ud3ec\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub4ec\ud574 1946\ub144 \ub9d0\ubd80\ud130 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub3cc\uc785\ud574\uc57c \ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c 1950\ub144 2\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc804\uad6d \uccad\ub144\ub2e8 \ub300\ud68c\uac00 \u201c\uc804\ud22c\uc640 \ubbf8\ub798 \uac74\uc124\u201d\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \uc885\uacb0\ub41c \ud6c4, 1956\ub144 10\uc6d4 \ub9d0\uacfc 11\uc6d4 \ucd08 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \u201c\ubd81\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758 \uac74\uc124\u201d\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc804\uad6d \uccad\ub144\ub2e8 \ub300\ud68c\uac00 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec, 1952-1956\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \ud1a0\uc9c0\uac1c\ud601\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac15\uc81c \uc9d5\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uad70(\u6575\u8ecd)\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2f4\ud574\uc57c \ud588\ub358 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ud56d\uc804\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc77c\uc815 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ub545\uc774 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uce21\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ub85c \ub05d\ub098\uc790, \u201c\ub098\ube44 \ub0a0\uac1c \uac19\uc774 \uac00\ubcbc\uc6b4 \ubd84\ud64d\ube5b, \ucd08\ub85d\ube5b\uc758 \uc544\uc624 \uc790\uc774(\u00e1o d\u00e0i)\ub97c \uc785\uc740 \uc80a\uc740 \uc5ec\ubc30\uc6b0\ub4e4\u201d\uacfc \u201c\uc790\uc804\uac70\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 \uc544\uc624 \uc790\uc774 \uc790\ub77d\uc744 \ubc14\ub78c\uc5d0 \ub0a0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \ucc98\ub140\ub4e4\u201d\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \u2018\uc790\uc720\u2019 \ud558\ub178\uc774 \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ub178\ucc9c\uadf9\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \u201c\uc30d\uc30d\uc774 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \uccad\ub144 \ub0a8\ub140\ub4e4\u201d\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucb49 \ubc14\uc775(Tr\u00fac B\u1ea1ch) \ud638\uc218 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \ub179\uc74c \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\ub294 \ub098\ubb34 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0\ub294 \uccad\ub144 \ub0a8\ub140\ub4e4\uc774 \uc30d\uc30d\uc774 \uc549\uc544\uc11c \uc815\ub2f5\uac8c \uc18d\uc0ad\uc774\ub2e4\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098\uac00\ub3c4 \ud53c\ud560 \uc904 \ubaa8\ub974\uace0, \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc5ec\uc778\uc774 \uc790\uae30 \uba38\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc37c\ub358 \ub17c(n\u00f3n)\uc744 \uc190\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub824 \uadf8 \ub0a8\uc790\uc758 \uba38\ub9ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac00\ub9b4 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud638\uc548 \ub07c\uc5e0 \ud638\uc218 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc30d\uc30d\uc774 \uc6c3\uc74c\uc744 \uc9d3\uac70\ub098\u201d \ubc14\uc775 \ud0c0\uc624(B\u00e1ch Th\u1ea3o) \uacf5\uc6d0 \uc77c\ub300\ub97c \u201c\ud76c\ud76c\ub099\ub77d\ud558\uba70\u201d \uc790\uc804\uac70\ub85c \uc624\uac00\ub294 \uccad\ub144 \ub0a8\ub140\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubcfc\uac70\ub9ac\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud558\ub178\uc774 \uad50\uc678\uc758 \ub18d\ucd0c \uc9c0\ub300\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \ubbf8\uc220 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \uad50\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uccb4 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub193\uace0 \ub370\uc0dd \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc80a\uc740 \uc5ec\uc778\uc774 \ubc18\ucbe4 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub204\uc6cc \uc788\uac70\ub098 \uc5ec\uc131 \ud55c \uba85\uc774 \uc6c5\ud06c\ub9ac\uace0 \uc549\uc544 \ubc18\ub098\uccb4\uc758 \ud3ec\uc988\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1953\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub358 \uc601\ud654 \ub610\ud55c \uc815\uce58 \uc120\uc804\ub9cc\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74, 1958\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc751\uc6b0\uc60c \ud64d \uc751\uc774(Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ed3ng Nghi)\uc640 \ud31c \ud788\uc5d0\uc6b0 \uc804(Ph\u1ea1m Hi\u1ec1u D\u00e2n)\uc774 \uc81c\uc791\ud55c \u300e\ud55c \uc904\uae30\uc758 \uac15\u300f(Chung M\u1ed9t D\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng, 1959)\uc740 \ubca4 \ud558\uc774(B\u1ebfn H\u1ea3i) \uac15\uc758 \uc784\uc2dc \ub0a8\ubd81 \uacbd\uacc4\uc120 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud5e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub41c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc80a\uc740 \ucee4\ud50c\uc758 \uc2ac\ud508 \uc0ac\ub791 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uc5f0\ucd9c\ud574 \ub0b4\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc601\ud654\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc740 \ud604\ub300 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc601\ud654\uac00 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \ud1b5\uc77c<\/b>, <\/b>\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uccad\ucd98\uc758 <\/b>\u2018<\/b>\ub36b<\/b>\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1960\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf8\uaca9\ud654\ub41c \ub0a8\ubd81\uc758 \uae34\uc7a5 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \u2018\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc804\uc7c1\u2019\uc758 \ubc1c\ubc1c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0, \uc774 \uc804\uc7c1\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d 1975\ub144 4\uc6d4 30\uc77c \uc0ac\uc774\uacf5\uc758 \ud568\ub77d\uacfc \ud761\uc218 \ud1b5\uc77c\ub85c \ub9c9\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uace8 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ubd81\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \uc2dc\uc758 \uce5c\uc808\ud55c \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\uc720\ub85c \uc804\uc2b9\uc758 \uc601\uad11\uacfc \uae30\uc068\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ub098\ub204\ub294 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1976\ub144 12\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \ud601\uba85 \uc778\ubbfc \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uacfc \ubd81\ubd80\uc758 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \ub178\ub3d9 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc774 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \uacf5\uc0b0 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 1985\ub144 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9 \uac04\ubd80\ud559\uad50\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad50\uacfc\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \u201c\ud569\uc791\uc0ac \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc9d1\uc0b0\ud654 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uadfc\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uc124\uc774 \ud655\ucda9\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc131\uacfc \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc0b6\ub3c4 \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\ubc29\ub41c \uc77c\ubd80\uc758 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1\ud130\ub85c \ub098\uac00\uc11c \uc804\ud22c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\ud588\uace0, \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uc804\ud22c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucd1d\ub825\uc804\uc744 \ud3bc\ucce4\ub2e4.\u201d \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ud1b5\uc77c \uc774\ud6c4 \ud5a5\ud6c4\uc758 10\uc5ec \ub144\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \u2018\ub36b\u2019\uc5d0 \uac78\ub824 \ubab8\ubd80\ub9bc\uce58\ub294 \uae30\uac04\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud1b5\uc77c \uc815\ubd80\ub294 1975\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1983\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc774\uc8fc\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1a0\uc9c0 \uc810\uc720\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \uc778\uc815\ud574\uc8fc\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc815\uc791 \ud544\uc694\ud588\ub358 \uc774\uc8fc \uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294 \uc18c\ud640\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc, \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \ube7c\uc557\uae34 \ud604\uc9c0 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uace0\ud5a5\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uacfc \uc801\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1983\ub144 9\uc6d4 28\uc77c \ud558\ub178\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ucd5c\ub41c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc791\uac00 \ud611\ud68c \uc81c3\ucc28 \uc804\uad6d \ub300\ud68c\ub97c \uacc4\uae30\ub85c, \u201c\uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uc640 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \ud0c0\ub77d\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\uace0 \uac00\uc838\uc628 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc804\uc758 \uc720\ud574\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ubb34\ub825\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c\u201d \uce58\uc5f4\ud55c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uae30\uc131\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc640 \ubb38\ud654 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud558\ub358 \uc601\uc6c5\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uae30\uac00 \uccad\ub144 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc774\uc804\ucc98\ub7fc \uc911\uc694\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ube48 \ub518(B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh) \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc5ec\ub958 \uc2dc\uc778 \ud31c \ud2f0 \uc464\uc5b8 \uce74\uc774(Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n Kh\u1ea3i, 1946\ub144\uc0dd)\ub294 1986\ub144 3\uc6d4 31\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc7a1\uc9c0 \u300e\uc120\ubd09\u300f(Ti\u1ec1n Phong)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ube44\ud310\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \u201c<\/i>\ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \ub208 \ub72c \ucc44\ub85c \uc7a5\ub2d8\uc778 \uccb4\ud558\uace0<\/i>, <\/i>\uadc0\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5b4 \ub193\uace0\ub3c4 \ubabb \ub4e4\uc740 \ucc99\ud55c\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ucca8\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ud55c\ud0c4\ud558\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc<\/i>, <\/i>\uc633\uc740 \ub9d0\uc740 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4<\/i>. <\/i>\uad8c\ub825\uc5d0 \uc9d1\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ab\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud558\uba74\uc11c<\/i>, <\/i>\uc61b\ub0a0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub9dd\uac01\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<\/i>. \u2018<\/i>\uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub098\uc740 \uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc9d1\uc548\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc628\ub2e4<\/i>\u2019<\/i>\ub294 \uadf8 \ub9d0\uc744<\/i>.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n \uc9c0\uc18d\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ub3c4\uc774 \uba38\uc774<\/b>: <\/b>\uc18c\ub144\uc774\ub85c<\/b>(<\/b>\u5c11\u5e74\u6613\u8001<\/b>) <\/b>\ud601\ub09c\uc131<\/b>(<\/b>\u9769\u96e3\u6210<\/b>)<\/b><\/p>\n \ud1b5\uc77c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 10\uc5ec \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uacbd\uc9c1\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uce58\ub800\uace0, \uad6d\uc81c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc810\ucc28 \uace0\ub9bd\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub9de\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uacb0\uad6d 1986\ub144 12\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub41c \uc81c6\ucc28 \uc804\ub2f9\ub300\ud68c\ub294 \ub3c4\uc774 \uba38\uc774(\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi) \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc120\ud3ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uccad\ub144 \ub54c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc2e0\ud55c \ud31c \ubc18 \ub3d9(Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, 1906\ub144\uc0dd), \ucbd4\uc5c9 \ucc10(Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh, 1907\ub144\uc0dd), \ub808 \ub4dd \ud1a0(L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd, 1911\ub144\uc0dd) \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub299\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uad50\uccb4\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc911\uc559\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc640 \uc815\uce58\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \uc80a\uc740 \uba64\ubc84\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc2e4\uc5c5 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc784\ubb34\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\uc62c\ub790\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc0ac\uc2e4, 1980\ub144\ub300\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uba74\uc11c \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc810\uc810 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\uc678\ub97c \ub2f9\ud55c \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ub3c4\uc2dc\ud654, \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c \uac1c\ud601\uacfc \uad6d\uc601 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\uc870 \uc870\uc815, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc218\ud55c \uc81c\ub300 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1989\ub144 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 500\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \uc2e4\uc5c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ub300\uac1c \uc18c\ube44 \uc695\uad6c\uac00 \uac15\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec, 1997\ub144 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uae08\uc735 \uc704\uae30\ub85c \uacbd\uc81c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \uc704\ucd95\ub418\uc790, \ub18d\ucd0c\uc758 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc791\uc815 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0a0 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, \uccad\ub144 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c \ube44\ud310\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ub3d9\ubca0\ub97c\ub9b0 \ud6d4\ubcfc\ud2b8(Humboldt) \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ud559\ud55c \ud6c4 1983\ub144\uc5d0 \uadc0\uad6d\ud55c \ud0c0\uc778 \ud638\uc544(Thanh H\u00f3a) \ucd9c\uc2e0 \ud31c \ud2f0 \ud638\uc544\uc774(Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i, 1960\ub144\uc0dd)\ub294 \uc790\uc11c\uc804 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc7a5\ud3b8 \uc18c\uc124 \u300e\ucc9c\uc0ac\u300f(Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uae30\ub9cc\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud574 \ub098\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubc14\uc624 \ub2cc(B\u1ea3o Ninh, 1952\ub144\uc0dd)\uc740 \u300e\uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc2ac\ud514\u300f(N\u1ed7i Bu\u1ed3n Chi\u1ebfn Tranh, 1990)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc80a\uc740 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud328\ubc30\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc194\uc9c1\ud788 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\uba74\uc11c \u2018\uc2e0\uc131\ud55c\u2019 \ubbfc\uc871 \ud574\ubc29 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc758\ubb38\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud588\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uce35 \uc778\uc0ac\uc774\uc790 \uc791\uac00 \ud310 \ud2f0 \ubc29 \uc544\uc778(Phan Th\u1ecb V\u00e0ng Anh, 1968\ub144 \ud558\ub178\uc774 \ucd9c\uc0dd)\ub3c4 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\u00b7\uc815\uc2e0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd08\ub77c\ud55c \uc77c\uc0c1\uc0dd\ud65c, \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub0a1\uc544 \ube60\uc9c4 \uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \ubb34\uac8c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc628 \u2018\uadfc\ub300\ud654\u2019\ub85c \uc815\uccb4\uc131 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud55c \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uc2e4\ub9dd\uac10\uc744 \ud1a0\ub85c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c \ube44\ud310\uc5d0 \ud654\ub2f5\ud55c \ud601\uba85 \uc6d0\ub85c\uc758 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\ub3c4 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc758 \uc5f0\ub85c\ud55c \ud22c\uc0ac \uca50 \ubc18 \uc790\uc6b0(Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u, 1911-2010) \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\u00b7\ucca0\ud559 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uba70 \uc8fc 3\ud68c \ubc1c\uac04\ub418\ub358 \uc2e0\ubb38 \u300e\uccad\ucd98(Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb)\u300f\uc744 \uaca9\ub824\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uadf8\ub294 \uac00\uc871\uc758 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc131\ubd84 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \ub300\uc6b0\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ud638\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \u300e\uccad\ucd98\u300f 1988\ub144 10\uc6d4 27\uc77c\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uccb4\uc81c \ube44\ud310\uc744 \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc774\ubbf8 \u2018\ud601\uba85\u2019\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \u2018\uac1c\ud601\u2019\uc744 \uc644\uc218\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub09c\uad00\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uba70 \uc801\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub824\uc57c \ud588\ub358 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c 2001\ub144 4\uc6d4\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9 \uc81c9\ucc28 \uc804\ub2f9\ub300\ud68c\ub294 \u2018\ub300\ub2e8\uacb0\u2019\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uba70 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ucd5c\ub300\uc758 \uccad\ub144 \uc870\uc9c1 \ud638 \ucc0c \ubbfc \uacf5\uc0b0 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc740 \ub2f9\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud601\uba85 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc704\ub300, \uc608\ube44\ubcd1\ub300, \ud6c4\uacc4\uc790 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub9e1\uc558\uace0, \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc758 \uc81c1\ube44\uc11c\ub294 \uc815\uacc4\uc758 \uc694\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uccad\uc694\uc9c1(\u6df8\u8981\u8077)\u2019\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc81c11\ucc28 \uc804\uad6d \uccad\ub144\ub2e8 \ub300\ud68c(2017)\uc758 \ubcf4\uace0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \ub300\ub7b5 \ucd1d 2,360\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4(16-30\uc138) \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc5ed\ubcc4\u00b7\ud559\uad50\ubcc4\u00b7\uc9c1\ub2a5\ubcc4\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ub41c \ub2e8\uc6d0\uc758 \uc218\ub294 \ub300\ub7b5 640\ub9cc \uba85(27%)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ubb50 \ud558\ub7ec \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud574\uc694?\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ud68c\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\ubb3b\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc801\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \u2018\uac1c\ud601\u2019\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798\ub294 \uccad\ub144\ub2e8\uc758 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \uccad\ub144\ub2e8 \uc678\uacfd\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4\u2019 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud55c \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18c\ud1b5\ud558\uace0 \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0\ub3c4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ud604\uc9c0\uc758 \uc5b8\ub860\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 MZ\uc138\ub300\ub97c \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub3c4 \ubc14\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uad6d \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3d9\ud5a5\uc744 \uc804\ub9dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]* \uc774 \uae00\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\ub098 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\uc758 \uacac\ud574\uc640 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_acf field_group=”99″ field_from_99=”field_606aa715c30de” align=”right”][vc_single_image source=”featured_image” img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_border” css=”.vc_custom_1617603439113{margin-top: -20px !important;}”][vc_btn title=”PDF Download” style=”flat” shape=”square” color=”primary” align=”center” i_icon_fontawesome=”fas fa-file-pdf” button_block=”true” add_icon=”true” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fsnuac.snu.ac.kr%2F2015_snuac%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F07%2F%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84_1-72.pdf|target:_blank” css=”.vc_custom_1656309859051{margin-top: -30px !important;}”][vc_column_text]Tag: [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1617604888422{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;background-color: #eaeaea !important;}”][vc_column_inner][vc_custom_heading text=”\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c” font_container=”tag:h2|font_size:18|text_align:left”][vc_column_text]\uc724\ub300\uc601<\/strong>(sansfin@snu.ac.kr)<\/p>\n \ud604) \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c HK\uc5f0\uad6c\uad50\uc218 <\/p>\n \uc800\uc11c\uc640 \ub17c\ubb38<\/b><\/p>\n \u201c\ub0a8\uc911\uad6d\ud574 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \uc7c1\uc810\ud654: \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\uc140 \uad70\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uc2a4\ud504\ub798\ud2c0\ub9ac \uad70\ub3c4 \uc601\uc720\uad8c \ubd84\uc7c1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec.\u201d \u300e\ub3d9\uc591\uc0ac\ud559\uc5f0\uad6c\u300f 148\ud638, 2019. \uc774 \uae00\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uadfc\ud604\ub300\uc0ac \uc804\uac1c \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud588\ub358 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc870\uad6d\uc744 \u2018\ud574\ubc29\u2019\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud588\ub358 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \ub0a8\ubd81 \ubd84\ub2e8\uacfc \ubb34\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud761\uc218 \ud1b5\uc77c\uc744 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubd84\ucd9c\ub41c \uc0ac\ud68c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uc640 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uac1c\ud601\uacfc \uac1c\ubc29\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud55c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ub3c4\uc774 \uba38\uc774(\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, \uc1c4\uc2e0)\ub294 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc744 \uc870\uc728\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4. 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\ucd9c\ucc98: http:\/\/thanhphoninhbinh.vn\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\n<\/strong>\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8, \uac1c\ud601\uac1c\ubc29, MZ\uc138\ub300, \ud638\ucc0c\ubbfc\uccad\ub144\ub2e8, \ub3c4\uc774\uba38\uc774[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1642037464047{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;background-color: #eaeaea !important;}”][vc_column_inner][vc_custom_heading text=”\uc774 \uae00\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uc790\ub8cc” font_container=”tag:h2|font_size:18|text_align:left”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n
\n\uc804) \uc11c\uac15\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ub3d9\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c \uc870\uad50\uc218<\/p>\n
\n\u201cBetween Korea and Vietnam: Kim Yung Kun\u2019s \u201cEver-Changing and Impermanent\u201d Life.\u201d Journal of Asian History<\/i>, 2016.
\n\u201cThe Loss of Vietnam: Korean Views of Vietnam in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.\u201d Journal of Vietnamese Studies, <\/i>2014.
\nLes Id\u00e9es et les Mouvements R\u00e9formistes en Cor\u00e9e et au Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 1897-1911. <\/i>(Editions universitaires europ\u00e9ennes, 2011).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"